Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a proinflammatory cytokine that elicits its pleiotropic effects through
activation of the transcription factors NF-κB and AP-1. Binding of IL-1 to its receptor results in …

Unbiased high-throughput sequencing of whole metagenome shotgun DNA libraries is a
promising new approach to identifying microbes in clinical specimens, which, unlike other …

Elafin, a natural protease inhibitor expressed in healthy intestinal mucosa, has pleiotropic
anti-inflammatory properties in vitro and in animal models. We found that mucosal expression …

BACKGROUND: Commensal gut bacteria are essential for the development and
maintenance of the gut's immune system. Some bacteria strains, such as Lactobacillus and …

Background Probiotic bacteria have been shown to modulate immune responses and could
have therapeutic effects in allergic and inflammatory disorders. However, the signaling …

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Ligand-gated calcium channels have been reported to be involved
in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. One family member, transient receptor …

Background & Aims Colonic tissues of patients with inflammatory bowel disease have been
reported to have increased proteolytic activity, but no studies have clearly addressed the role …

Previous weak-form efficiency tests of the Kuala Lumpur and Singapore stock markets have
mixed findings but mostly have suggested close conformity with a random walk. Using a …

China has two major stock exchanges, the Shanghai and the Shenzen exchanges. Each of
these exchanges trades two types of shares, type “A” and type “B” shares. Type “A” shares …

Substantial epidemiological evidence supports the involvement of the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)
in multiple sclerosis (MS). Mechanisms through which EBV may increase MS risk are …