A distribution with rational Laplace-Stieltjes transform is of phase type if and only if it is either
the point mass at zero, or it has a continuous positive density on the positive reals and its …

Grassmann, Taksar, and Heyman introduced a variant of Gaussian climination for computing
the steady-state vector of a Markov chain. In this paper we prove that their algorithm is …

Most constitutional systems in Europe are based upon the assumption that the state should
play an active role in securing the economic and social well-being of its people, almost all …

The principle of equal treatment has become constitutionalized within the framework of the
EU legal order. However, its scope and substance remain uncertain, its impact is confined to …

A phase-type distribution is the distribution of a killing time in a finite-state Markov chain. This
paper describes some conjectures concerning these distributions. Some partial proofs and …

We introduce two properties which are useful in addressing the question of non-uniqueness
of representations of phase-type distributions. One property, called phase-type simplicity, …

Many written constitutions contain express statements guaranteeing the right to equality in
some form or other. Examples include the Equal Protection Clause contained in the 14 th …

Through a full analysis of the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights, this
article proposes that state action or inaction which results in individuals being exposed to …

The notion of an invariant polytope played a central role in the proof of the characterization
of phase-type distributions. The purpose of this paper is to develop invariant polytope …

Euler summation is a convergence-acceleration technique which has proved very effective
in Fourier-series methods for Laplace transform inversion. We present an analysis of the …