In recent years, firms have greatly increased the amount of resources allocated to activities
classified as Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). While an increase in CSR expenditure …

The agency costs of debt are introduced in this paper to explain the existence of complex
financial instruments. Two areas of complexities are discussed in detail: the call provision and …

T HIS paper presents tests of whether extraordinary revenues and expenses are used to
smooth ordinary or operating income over time. While the subject of income smoothing was …

Using data on identical and fraternal twins’ complete financial portfolios, we decompose the
cross-sectional variation in investor behavior. We find that a genetic factor explains about …

This review paper surveys agency problems and solutions. Agency problems derive from
conflicts of interest between individuals associated with the firm. Costs involved in resolving …

IN HIS RECENT PAPER, Merton Miller [12] extends the notion of tax-induced differential
returns on securities into a general equilibrium framework in which firms make adjustments in …

IN this paper we examine the implications of the recent report on accounting objectives (AICPA,
1973, henceforth called the Report) to the reporting of extraordinary items. We attempt to …

Green or socially responsible investing (SRI) refers to making investment decisions according
to both financial and ethical criteria. This paper explores the effects of ethical screening on …

Background Diabetic and obese patients are at higher risk of severe disease and cardiac
injury in corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections. Cellular entry of SARS-CoV-2 is mainly via …

This study presents a comprehensive approach to cost-volume-profit analysis under uncertainty.
It combines the probability characteristics of the environmental variables with the risk …