RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Cash Flows, Asset Values, and Investment Returns JF The Journal of Portfolio Management FD Institutional Investor Journals SP 17 OP 26 DO 10.3905/jpm.2003.319880 VO 29 IS 3 A1 Preston W. Estep YR 2003 UL https://pm-research.com/content/29/3/17.abstract AB Most methods for forecasting expected returns of stocks are based on earnings. As analysts have justifiably become somewhat wary of earnings reports, they are increasingly interested in developing valuation models that are based on sources and uses of cash. There should be some way to analyze financial statements to make the two approaches give identical results, since the underlying economics are the same. The author provides a convenient formula that states the return expected by an investor in terms of the cash flow/price ratio, some fraction of the growth rate, and changes in valuation (i.e., PE expansion or contraction). The fraction of growth that ends up in the shareholder's pocket will depend on the size of the company's fixed asset accounts, and whether growth is financed by equity sale or debt issuance.