RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Improving the Efficient Frontier JF The Journal of Portfolio Management FD Institutional Investor Journals SP 69 OP 79 DO 10.3905/jpm.2003.319874 VO 29 IS 2 A1 Clarence C.Y. Kwan YR 2003 UL https://pm-research.com/content/29/2/69.abstract AB Familiar portfolio concepts can explain why pooling of investor capital enables investors to achieve higher expected returns without additional risk exposure. The risk of the pooled investment must be a particular weighted average of the participating investors' preferred risks. Unveiling of the source of expected return improvements provides a clearer picture of what pooling can achieve. A variety of formulas to allocate the realized return from pooling among participating investors should help portfolio managers design effective allocation methods.