@article {Leibowitzjpm.2020.1.179, author = {Martin L. Leibowitz and Stanley Kogelman}, title = {Sharpe Ratios, Target Ratios, and Return Goals}, elocation-id = {jpm.2020.1.179}, year = {2020}, doi = {10.3905/jpm.2020.1.179}, publisher = {Institutional Investor Journals Umbrella}, abstract = {Some form of success estimation is present in virtually all decision-making processes. In most cases, estimations are implicit and judgmental. However, in certain data-rich areas, success prospects can be sharpened into probabilities. Although funds may settle for an expected return that equals some fixed target return, that match results in only a 50\% probability of success. However, important goals may require a higher success probability, such as 60\%. In this article, the authors present an approach that facilitates calculation of success probabilities for many common investment situations. The key success factor turns out to be the target ratio (T{\textendash}ratio), a generalization of the standard Sharpe ratio. In addition to fixed return targets, the T-ratio can be applied to a wide range of market-dependent targets such as policy portfolios, benchmark indexes, and/or peer group percentiles. Moreover, within the typically relevant range, a simple approximation can directly map T-ratio values into success probabilities. The structure of the T-ratio underscores the importance of more tightly integrating risk control considerations and success probabilities into the return-seeking process.TOPICS: Performance measurement, risk management, volatility measuresKey Findings{\textbullet} The common practice of matching the expected portfolio return to some fixed target return may prove insufficient for critically important goals that require a higher than 50\% probability of success.{\textbullet} To obtain a success probability above 50\%, a fund{\textquoteright}s risk{\textendash}return structure must provide a sufficiently high T-ratio, a generalization of the Sharpe ratio. A simple formula, based on this T-ratio, can be applied to estimate success probability.{\textbullet} To preserve a fund{\textquoteright}s return advantage and desired probability of success, the fund also must achieve a level of risk control that results in the T-ratio value associated with that probability.}, issn = {0095-4918}, URL = {https://jpm.pm-research.com/content/early/2020/09/09/jpm.2020.1.179}, eprint = {https://jpm.pm-research.com/content/early/2020/09/09/jpm.2020.1.179.full.pdf}, journal = {The Journal of Portfolio Management} }